Annual Report on Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) - 2022

Effective January 1, 1998, the Illinois Mental Health and Developmental Disabilities Code was amended. 405 ILCS 5/2-110.1 requires all hospitals or facilities at which electroconvulsive therapy is administered to submit quarterly reports to the Department of Human Services for the purposes of reducing morbidity or mortality and improving patient care.

In addition, Section 405 ILCS 5/2-110.1 requires that the Department shall prepare and publish an annual written report summarizing the information received. The report shall not contain any information that identifies any facility, healthcare provider, physician, or patient.

Year 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 **
# of Hospitals 62 61 52 38 33 32 32 46
Year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
# of Hospitals. 20 15 12 12 14 12 12 12 9

The number of hospitals submitting reports indicating that they provide ECT has declined by 85% since 1999 (62 hospitals reporting in 1999 to 9 reporting in 2022). Some hospitals stopped providing ECTs due to staffing shortages, some reduced the number of ECTs done due to the COVID pandemic. Some hospitals did not submit reports during COVID stating they did not have the staff or time to submit reports.

Brief Summary CY2022

A total of 1889 people received ECT in 2022, all in non-federal, non-state funded settings. This is an overall decrease of 165 patients, from 2021 to 2022.

  • Of the 1889 people who received ECT, 99% gave consent in some form.
  • The majority were female (61%), Caucasian (85%) and aged 41-65 (41%).
  • Just over half (53%) had Medicare.
  • The average number of treatments given in a completed series was 5.
  • The average number of maintenance treatments per month was 4.
  • There were 4 adverse reactions and no deaths.
  • There were no other issues to report.

DETAIL

  1. The number of persons who received therapy including:

    1. The number of persons who gave informed consent to the therapy.
    2. The number of persons confined as subject to involuntary admission who gave informed consent to the therapy.
    3. The number of persons who received the therapy without informed consent pursuant to Section 2-107.1; and
    4. he number of persons who received the therapy on an emergency basis pursuant to subsection (d) of section 2-107.1.
      CONSENT (a) Consent (type) (a) Consent Numbers (b) SIA Consent (c) Without Consent (pop.) (c) Without Consent (numbers) (d) Emergency TOTAL
      # of people receiving Tx. 1879 (99%) 3 (less than 1%) 7 (1%) 0 1889
      Written 1813
      Oral 20
      MH Tx Preferred Declaration 0
      POA 162
      Plenary Guardian 22
      Other 2

      NOTE: Some people received more than one kind of consent. Only 7 people were given treatment without consent.
  2. The age, sex, and race of the recipients of the therapy.

    AGE 0-14 15-17 18-21 22-40 41-65 65+ TOTAL
    # of people receiving Tx 0 0 71 (4%) 391 (21%) 773 (41%) 654( 34%) 1889
    SEX Male Female Other TOTAL
    # people receiving Tx 733 (39%) 1154 (61%) 2 (less than 1%) 1889
    RACE White / Non Hisp Hispanic African American Asian / Pac Island Native American/ Alaskan Other TOTAL
    # of people receiving tx 1612 (85%) 52 (3%) 135( 7%) 30 (2%) 4 (less than 1%) 56(3%) 1889
  3. Source of Treatment Payer

    PAYER Private Medicare Medicare + Supplement Medicaid Medicare & Medicaid Self-pay TOTAL
    # of people receiving tx 528 (28%) 429 (23%) 423 (22%) 359 (19%) 134 (8%) 16 (less than 1%) 1889
  4. The average number of electroconvulsive treatments administered for each complete series of treatments, not including maintenance.
    In 2022, the average number of treatments administered per series was 5. This is unchanged from 2021.
  5. The average number of maintenance electroconvulsive treatments administered per month. In 2022, the average number of maintenance treatments was 4 per month.
    This is unchanged from 2021.
  6. Any significant adverse reactions to the treatment as defined by rule.
    There were 3 three adverse reactions noted as "Other" and described as, delirium, bit lip and asystole, 20 seconds. (<1%) There was 1(<1%) medical complication noted as "other - chest pain," which required transfer to ER.
  7. Autopsy findings if death followed within 14 days after the date of the administration of the therapy.
    In 2022, no deaths occurred within fourteen days of ECT.
  8. Any other information required by the Department by rule.
    None